External Parasites
External toady infestation can cause irritation and unthriftiness in your horse. Some external parasites can help proliferate lifecycles of internal parasites. External parasites may also carry infectious diseases. External parasites however may be easier to detect visually, which helps to resolve program effectiveness and type of parasitic infestation. Always consult your veterinarian if you have any concerns. He or she is a very good field matter expert.
Chemical safety
Fly repellents are very perilous chemicals and care should be taken to wash off any residue remaining from any overspray or palpate on your hands/other body parts. With soap and water. Wash any clothes or gloves that come in palpate with these agents. All perilous chemicals should be stored as per the label in derive storage and be properly disposed when outdated. Mixing chemicals such as Dmso can cause serious condition problems.
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Common Parasites
Bots (Stomach bots & Gasterophilus)
Physical description
Mature botflies have an appearance similar to a honeybee. The eggs are light brown specks the size of pin heads in small clusters.
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Lifecycle
The female botfly lays her eggs directly to a hair on the horse in areas that will be able to be in palpate with the horse's mouth. The areas most generally targeted are the legs, lips and other spots that allow direct palpate with the mouth and nostril while self grooming or grooming an additional one horse. Licking the attached botfly eggs will cause them to hatch and furnish the larvae. The hatched larvae will then migrate to the tongue or gums of the horse and burrow in or attach itself for the 3 weeks incubation period. Following the incubation duration they free themselves and pass to the lining of the stomach for a duration of practically 9 months. After the 9-month duration the larvae are transported out of the stomach via manure to become an adult botfly. The activity of an adult botfly will last from late spring until the first hard frost.
Problems Caused by Bots
The botfly larvae may cause only minimal damage to the horse, the biggest threat would be intestinal obstruction due to infestation. The larvae may also reduce the efficiency of the stomach to digest effectively.
Signs of Infestation of Bots
If any botfly eggs are observed to attached to your horse you should consider that your horse has ingested some of them. If eggs are observed remove with them as soon as inherent with a Bot knife to reduce ingestion.
Black Fly
Physical description
Small grayish-black fly.
Breeding Habitat
Require inviting water such as streams and pond overflows.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Belly lines, inside the back legs and in the ears.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
General irritation to horse.
Deer Fly
Physical description
Large flies capable of inflicting a painful bite.
Breeding Habitat
Plants nearby water's edge or salt marshes.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Entire body.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Equine Infectious Anemia and very painful bites.
Face Fly
Physical description
Small grayish-black fly.
Breeding Habitat
Fresh cattle manure.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Generally on horse's face.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Cause some eye problems but mostly a nuisance to the horse.
Horn Fly
Physical description
A very small fly that congregates in large swarms.
Breeding Habitat
Fresh cattle manure.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Horse's neck, shoulders and abdomen. They also target skin unprotected by hair loss.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Contribute to severe dermatitis foremost to skin ulcers.
Horse Fly
Physical description
Very large fly capable of inflicting a painful and deep bite.
Breeding Habitat
Water puddles, lake or pond water's edge, salt marshes, or plant debris.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Entire body.
Diseases generally Carried or qoute Caused
Equine Infectious Anemia and Very painful bite.
House Fly
Physical description
The base everyday housefly.
Breeding Habitat
Manure or use a wide range of organic materials.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Tear ducts and nearby the horse's eye.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Transmit stomach worms and prolific transmitter of mammal pathogens. Normal nuisance to horses.
Lice
Physical description
About 1/8 inch in length. May vary in color from white to dirty gray.
Breeding Habitat
Remote areas of horse.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Remote areas, dry patches of skin, head, neck, mane or tail.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Some weight loss, stunted growth or anemia. Very irritating bite that may lead to rubbing the hair off the skin.
Mosquitoes
Physical description
Small winged insect with foremost bloodsucking probe extending from head.
Breeding Habitat
Standing water, old tires, barrels and other objects capable of holding water and blocking wind.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Entire body.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Prolific transmitters of disease and associated with Equine Encephalomyetis, Equine Infectious Anemia and West Nile Virus.
Stable Fly
Physical description
Very similar in appearance to the housefly, but the stable fly has large mouth.
Breeding Habitat
Hay contaminated with urine and manure.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Legs and abdomens.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Helps contribute to the transmission of Equine Infectious Anemia and summer sores.
Ticks
Physical description
Small brownish watermelon seed shaped insect and peanut sized cream colored when full of host's blood.
Breeding Habitat
Eggs laid on ground then larvae ticks migrate to trees or shrubs.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Inside ears or remote spots.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Sleeping Sickness, Lyme disease, Piroplasmosis and Eia.
External toady Control Program
Just like dewormer chemicals, there are many fly repellent systems available for a wide range of external parasites. Before relying solely on chemical repellents you may consider a first step of arresting and reduction. As you probably noted most external parasites required water or fresh manure as a breeding ground. If the breeding ground is petite so will the parasites.
Before purchasing an insecticide or repellent you may want to read label to ensure this goods is safe and will be an efficient part of your program. You may also want to use one goods at a time to reduce chances of the parasites becoming defiant to both products while the same period. Switch to an additional one insecticide before the parasites become resistant.
Below are listed some tasks that will help reduce the toady population:
- remove and properly dispose of materials that may be breeding grounds at least every seven days. Preferably you should remove any suspected breeding material daily.
- produce or arraign stables, paddocks and pasture so that they allow easy waste removal.
- Ensure good drainage for rainwater and at wash racks.
- Turn off barn lights at night or use fluorescent lights.
- Clean water buckets normally and use repellents.
Monitor which parasites are most prolific and then produce a sound plan to reduce their numbers. palpate your veterinarian, County postponement Agent or other experts in your area for specific advice. When spreading manure attempt to place as thin a layer as inherent in order to speed up drying out the manure. Add horse manure to a compost pile to help segregate manure from horse living area. Ensure you effect all directions for disposal of any insecticide, these chemicals can be very lethal and can certainly make their way into ponds, lakes, streams and ground water. The insecticides must also be kept in the traditional container.
Commonly biting flies are very active while hours of inviting daylight. Set up your repellent or stabling program nearby that period. base offense techniques and methods that can be very victorious yet very environmentally kindly are Fly Predators. The Fly Predators are small sterile non-stringing forms of wasps that eat fly larvae. There are also systems that use propane gas to expel Co2 gas to attract mosquitoes and similar insects then suck them into a trap. Both systems work exceptionally well.
Old fashioned, tried and true methods can comprise fly tapes, baited bottle traps or poison baits Machines such as Mosquito Magnets lure and destroy mosquitoes as well as other similar insect pests. There are also powders and liquids that can be applied to the ground and plants which will kill insects. As with any chemicals read and effect the label so as you don't harm any animals or children.
Protective clothing such as fly masks or full body fly sheets. It has been reported that herbal remedies such as vinegar or garlic consumed orally will help the horse become less inviting thus bitten less. External parasites will never be 100% controllable, but having an efficient program with monitoring will aid in your horse having a life of quality.
Skin Parasites
Horses may have some skin problems or skin parasites. Allowable prognosis by your veterinarian is foremost to fast rid your horse of any skin problems.
Mange
Physical description
Extremely small, must use magnifying glass to see.
Breeding Habitat
Under host's skin.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
Upper layers of skin.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Irritations of skin which may lead to severe dermatitis or secondary infections. Allowable food will help preclude infestation.
Rain Rot (Dermatophilosis)
Physical description
A petite rod-shaped bacteria that causes raw open sores under matted crusty hair.
Breeding Habitat
Horse's skin while periods of wet/moist and warm weather. The bacteria live in the soil and proliferate while long periods of wetness.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
A location on a horse that stays moist and warm allows these petite bugs to flourish.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
Irritations of skin which may lead to severe dermatitis or secondary infections. Cleaning infected areas with a medicated shampoo, betadine or cooper salt-based solutions. In rare severe cases veterinary care may be required. Also called rain scald and dew poisoning when referring to the infection on lower limbs.
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis)
Physical description
Microscopic fungus that causes small circular patches of hair loss with flaky scabs.
Breeding Habitat
Conditions most likely to cause a risk to ringworm are dark and damp conditions while fall and winter. Young horses (yearling to three years old), senior horse and sickly horses are more prone to infection. This fungus is very infectious and will spread rapidly to other horses, other animals and humans. If ringworm is suspected clean all tack, brushes, blankets or other items used on the infected horse(s) until it successfully treated.
Favorite Biting Area on a Horse
The ringworm fungus typically infects the heart girth area, face and legs.
Diseases generally Carried or Problems Caused
It is very foremost to get and keep ringworm under control. Treatments with a ringworm medicine should be aggressive and consistent and maintained until all signs are fully gone. Irritations of skin which may lead to severe dermatitis or secondary infections.
Skin Parasites Control Program
It is foremost not to spread any contagious skin disease from one part of your horse to an additional one part or from one horse to an additional one horse. Washing your grooming tools in medicated shampoo or other disinfectant after use should preclude spreading of infections. normally medicated (iodine based) shampoos will fix minor skin problems. If veterinarian assistance is required, effect the instructions fully to ensure complete infestation elimination.
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